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Alexander Ya Malkin, Valery KulichikhinAuthor index ►
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Spatial-temporal phenomena in the flows of multi-component materials
Appl. Rheol. 25:3 (2015) 35358 (14 pages) ►
Measuring the rheological properties of multi-component (and multi-phase) systems meets with many special problems which are absent in flows of homogeneous materials. Such complex fluids have inherent structure and all the peculiarities of their behavior are determined by stress-induced temporal-spatial structure rearrangements. This paper is a review devoted to the physical origin and classification of problems encountered in the flow of multi-component materials. Stress-driven phenomena can be related to phase transformations (the formation of a new phase in polymerization, crystallization, amorphous phase separation), molecular and structure orientation, and various forms of self-organization. Some of these time effects are considered to be thixotropic phenomena. Thixotropy of multi-component matters leads to absence of an upper Newtonian plateau, time (rate)-dependence of yield stress and the layered flow in the range of high shear rates. The flow of such matters can lead to the formation of spatially divided structures with different properties and displacement of structures at the macroscopic level that excludes traditional measures of their rheological properties. In addition, the flow of multi-component systems is accompanied by the appearance of anisotropy of their properties. It is emphasized that the stressdriven evolution of rheological properties are not taken into account in the existing widely used constitutive equations.► Cite this publication as follows:
Malkin AY, Kulichikhin V: Spatial-temporal phenomena in the flows of multi-component materials, Appl. Rheol. 25 (2015) 35358.
Mechanical properties of various technological materials at large deformations are proposed to characterize by means of some generalized parameters obtained at large oscillation strains but not related to any definite rheological equations. The base for the analysis is the Lissajous- Bowditch figures in two coordinate systems - "stress - deformation" and "stress derivative with respect to the phase angle - deformation". An area of the first of these figures provides the well known integral estimation of dissipative losses in the deformation cycle while the second one presents the new integral measure of the matter's elasticity. The correlation between the proposed integral estimations of the "averaged" dynamic modulus and the values found in using Fourier and Chebyshev series was demonstrated. This integral method was applied for three suspensions of various types. The obtained results allowed for viewing the type of non-linearity: pseudo-plasticity or dilatancy, stiffening or softening, as functions of deformation.► Cite this publication as follows:
Ilyin S, Kulichikhin V, Malkin A: Characterization of material viscoelasticity at large deformations, Appl. Rheol. 24 (2014) 13653.
We constructed a macroscopic model illustrating behavior of a single entanglement knot of macromolecules in a melt and examined its behavior at different deformation rates. A model consists of flexible elastic strips, which are tied in a granny knot (modeling not a real geometrical form of entanglements but their behavior at relatively easy sliding). This scheme models the situation when elastic energy exceeds the energy of the Brownian motion. The behavior of a knot chosen for modeling is different at low and high deformation rates. In the previous case knots disentangle as predicted by the .tube. model, elastic strips slip out a knot and this is an illustration of flow. In the latter case, knots tighten up, further extension of strips leads to the increase in stresses up to breakup of a strip. This effect imitates the transition from the flow to the rubbery-like behavior of polymer melts, when flow becomes impossible due to the formation of quasi-permanent entanglements. The general dimensionless correlation for the process under discussion has been proposed.► Cite this publication as follows:
Malkin A, Semakov A, Kulichikhin V: Macroscopic modeling of a single entanglement at high deformation rates of polymer melts, Appl. Rheol. 22 (2012) 32575.
Rheological and mechanical properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers (ABS) prepared via bulk polymerization depending on the molecular weight (Mw) of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) have been investigated.The tendencies of attaining the yield stress at steady-state shear flow and approaching to the .plateau. region of storage modulus at low frequencies in oscillatory tests were observed. Both these phenomena are induced by formation of the structural skeleton consisting of polybutadiene (PB) particles arranged in the SAN-matrix. Growth of Mw of SAN leads both to increase of the .plateau. value of storage modulus at low frequencies and the yield stress.This fact can be explained by the influence of Mw of SAN chains grafted onto PB particles on structure formation in ABS melts because of a redistribution of the ratio particleparticle / particle-matrix interactions. The elongational viscosity of ABS melts is a power function of Mw of SAN matrix. The power index of this function increases with the polymer straining that reflects orientation of SAN chains with their length increase. The strain-hardening index of ABS melts increases considerably with increase of SAN matrix Mw. However, it does not depend on presence of PB particles in the material. It means that the value of this index is governed by orientation effect in the SAN matrix.The impact strength of the investigated ABS samples is interrelated with rheological characteristics of ABS melts as well as Mw of SAN. The dependence of impact strength on Mw can be explained by increasing role of orientation effects of SAN chains with Mw increase in the copolymer fibrils connecting the walls of crazes formed at impact action.► Cite this publication as follows:
Dreval VE, Vasilev G, Borisenkova E, Semakov A, Kulichikhin VG: Influence of Molecular Weight of SAN on Rheological and Mechanical Properties of ABS-plastics, Appl. Rheol. 17 (2007) 44745.
► Cite this publication as follows:
Kotomin SV, Antonov SV, Dreval VE, Kerber ML, Kulichikhin VG: Impregnation of Fibrous Materials with LC Polyesters and Blends on their Base, Appl. Rheol. 10 (2000) 62.
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