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Montgomery T. Shaw, Zhizhong Z. Liu
Single-point Determination of Nonlinear Rheological Data from Parallel-Plate Torsional Flow
Appl. Rheol. 16:2 (2006) 70-79
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Of the torsional drag-flow experiments, the hands-down winner for simplicity and ease of use is that using parallel-
plate fixtures. This geometry is highly flexible, allowing custom modification of plate size and material,
and is easily adaptable for optical use and the application of electric fields. However, its nonuniform flow is a
major encumbrance for measuring nonlinear response. In 1987, Cross and Kaye offered a simple and clever solution
for this problem, which essentially states that one assumes the sample is Newtonian, but the shear rate
assigned to the observed ''Newtonian'' viscosity is 3/4ths of the rim shear rate . This shift factor arises from the
use of Gaussian integration over radius of the nonlinear stress profile. Recent re-examination of the Cross-Kaye
rule indicates that there may be a more accurate rule of thumb with the shift factor being 0.8 instead of 0.75
(4/5 instead of 3/4). However, for complex materials, the real question is how much useful information is covered
up by this approach vs. the traditional differentiation of the integral to account for the stress profile. We
have attempted to answer this question using a selection of nonlinear measurements on an AB block copolymer
solution that is rheologically complex.
► Cite this publication as follows:
Shaw MT, Liu ZZ: Single-point Determination of Nonlinear Rheological Data from Parallel-Plate Torsional Flow, Appl. Rheol. 16 (2006) 70.
Edwin C. Cua, Montgomery T. Shaw
Creeping Sphere-Plane Squeeze Flow to Determine the Zero-Shear-Rate viscosity of HDPE Melts
Appl. Rheol. 14:1 (2004) 33-39
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A creeping squeeze flow apparatus [1 - 2] was modified with a Fizeau interferometer optical motion transducer and equipped with a high-temperature, high-vacuum enclosure. Long-term squeeze flow experiments were done on a broad-MW, 1 melt-flow index commercial HDPE at 190.C, with runs covering about a week. Over this period, no thermal degradation of the polymer was observed, and the geometry of the apparatus was stable. Low-shear-rate viscosities were measured within the maximum shear rates from 1.7 ¥ 10-5 to 7.6 ¥ 10-5 1/s (stress ~ 1.7 to 8 Pa), resulting in an two-decade expansion in the experimental window for this difficult-to-characterize HDPE resin with long relaxation times.
► Cite this publication as follows:
Cua EC, Shaw MT: Creeping Sphere-Plane Squeeze Flow to Determine the Zero-Shear-Rate viscosity of HDPE Melts, Appl. Rheol. 14 (2004) 33.
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